Parameter Optimization Design and Power Response Analysis of Oscillating Buoy Wave Energy Converters With Random Loads
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摘要: 振荡浮子式波能转换结构是波浪能发电系统的一类核心做功单元，它的研建对于我国沿海地区发展、海洋平台建设等方面的供电瓶颈技术推进上具有重大意义. 为研究其机械构型、参数设计、俘能机制，该文建立了多自由度波能转换结构耦合运动模型. 通过对粒子群等智能算法进行优化，克服了多自由度迭代规模过大以及局部最优解困境等问题，丰富了算法功能，定性及定量测算了波能转换结构在二/四自由度、线性/非线性阻尼、两场景结构尺寸参数调控下的振荡及俘能效果. 验证了多自由度、非线性阻尼等振控条件的俘能优势，同步探寻此类结构的动力学行为规律、参数优化设计及俘能机制高效路径. 引入随机载荷以优化模型精度并做进一步探索，总结了噪声差异引致结构俘能效果的作用规律. 为实际工程中波浪能转换结构的有效应用模式发展了新思路.Abstract: The oscillating buoy wave energy converter is a kind of core working unit of wave energy power generation system, and its development is of significances for breaking the power supply bottlenecks in coastal area development and offshore platform construction of in China. Then the coupled motion model for multi-DOF wave energy conversion structures was built to investigate its mechanical configuration, parameter design and energy capture mechanism. Through optimization of the intelligent algorithms such as the particle swarm algorithm, the problems of the too large multi-DOF iteration scale and the local optimal solution dilemma were overcome, the functions of the algorithm were enriched, and the oscillation and energy capture effects of the wave energy converter based on 2D/4D, linear/nonlinear damping and structure dimension parameters in 2 scenarios, were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated. The capture energy advantages of vibration control conditions of multi-DOF and nonlinear damping, were verified, and the dynamic behavior law, the parameter optimization design and the efficient path of energy capture mechanism were explored simultaneously. Random loads were introduced to optimize the accuracy of the model, and the effects of noise differences on the energy capture were refined. The work provides a new idea for the effective application mode of wave energy conversion structure in practical engineering.
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图 1 振荡浮子式WEC结构概念图
注 为了解释图中的颜色，读者可以参考本文的电子网页版本，后同.
Figure 1. Conceptual diagram of the oscillating-buoy WEC structure
图 3 WEC结构三维时间历程图及浮子-振子相对垂荡位移
Figure 3. The 3D time history diagram of the WEC structure and the float-oscillator relative heaving displacement
图 4 WEC结构三维时间历程图及振子-浮子相对位移
Figure 4. The 3D time history diagram of the WEC structure and the oscillator-float relative displacement
图 5 最优阻尼系数范围搜索过程
Figure 5. The search process for the range of optimal damping coefficients
图 11 不同强度随机载荷引起波面趋势的对比
Figure 11. Comparison of wave surface trends caused by random loads of different intensities
图 12 不同噪声强度下WEC结构的动力学响应特征
Figure 12. Dynamic response characteristics of the WEC structure at different noise intensities
图 13 不同噪声强度下不同阻尼系数对应平均输出功率随起始时间变化
Figure 13. The average output power vs. the starting time corresponding to different damping coefficients under different noise intensities
表 1 WEC结构尺寸及环境参数设置
Table 1. WEC structure sizes and environmental parameters
parameter value of parameter Ⅰ value of parameter Ⅱ float mass m1/kg 4 866 9 732 float bottom radius r1/m 1 2 float cylinder height H1/m 3 6 float cone height (H2－H1)/m 0.8 1.6 oscillator mass m2/kg 2 433 4 866 oscillator radius r2/m 0.5 1 oscillator heighth/m 0.5 1 sea water density ρ/(kg/m3) 1 025 1 025 gravitational acceleration g/(m/s2) 9.8 9.8 spring stiffness k0/(N/m) 80 000 80 000 spring original length l0/m 0.5 1 torsional spring stiffness kr/(N·m) 250 000 250 000 
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