Design of the Battery Thermal Management System With Phase Change Material Coupled Cold Plates
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摘要:
以相变材料耦合冷板电池热管理系统为研究对象，采用数值方法研究了系统的冷却性能。结果表明，通过增加耦合系统的冷却水流量可以降低电池组温度和温差，但是显著增加了冷板功耗，系统能效较低。为了提高耦合热管理系统的冷却效率，在固定系统体积的情况下，采用优化策略对系统中相变材料的厚度分布进行调整。典型算例结果表明，优化策略仅需5步调整就能得到最佳相变材料厚度分布。相比于优化前系统，优化后的系统使电池组最高温度降低了1.1 K，温差减小了29%。在同等电池组温差下，优化系统的功耗相比优化前系统下降了64%。
Abstract:The battery thermal management system with phase change material coupled cold plates was investigated with the numerical simulation method. The results show that, the temperature and temperature difference of the battery pack decreases with the increase of the flow rates of the cold plate in the system, while the power consumption of the cold plate significantly increases, which leads to poor efficiency of the system. To improve the efficiency of the coupled thermal management system, an adjusting strategy was introduced to optimize the thickness distribution of phase change materials with the system volume fixed. The optimized results of typical cases show that, the optimal phase change material thickness distribution can be obtained by only 5 adjusting steps. Compared with the original system, the maximum temperature of the battery pack drops by 1.1 K and the temperature difference narrows down by 29% after the optimization. To achieve the same temperature difference in the battery pack, the power consumption of the optimized system lowers down by 64% compared with that of the original system.
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Key words:
- phase change material /
- cold plate /
- battery thermal management /
- optimization strategy
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图 2 放电结束时对称面1的计算结果：(a)温度云图；(b)相变率云图
Figure 2. Numerical results of symmetry 1 when the discharge process is finished: (a) the temperature nephogram; (b) the liquid fraction nephogram
图 3 系统性能指标随冷却水流量的变化关系：(a) 电池组Tmax和ΔT；(b) 系统功耗
注 为了解释图中的颜色，读者可以参考本文的电子网页版本，后同。
Figure 3. System performance with the flow rate of cooling water: (a) Tmax and ΔT of the battery pack; (b) power consumption of the system
图 5 优化系统温度特性：(a)电池组Tmax和ΔT随调整次数的变化；(b)优化前后电池温度的比较
Figure 5. Temperature characteristics of the optimized system: (a) changes of Tmax and ΔT of the battery pack with adjustment steps; (b) battery temperatures before and after optimization
图 6 优化系统对称面1的计算结果：(a)温度云图；(b)相变率云图
Figure 6. Numerical results of symmetry 1 in the optimized system: (a) the temperature nephogram; (b) the liquid fraction nephogram
表 1 系统中各种材料物性参数
Table 1. Physical property parameters of various materials in the system
property Al water PCM[19] battery[18-19] density ρ/(kg/m3) 2702 997.56 950 2335 specific heat cp/(J/(kg·K)) 903 4181.72 3000 950 dynamic viscosity η/(kg/(m·s)) − 8.89 × 10-4 − − melting temperature T/K − − 315.15 ~ 317.15 − latent heat Hp/(kJ/kg) − − 141.7 − thermal conductivity λ/(W/(m·K)) 237 0.62 7.654 1.05, 21.1, 21.1 (kx, ky, kz) 
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